Leaf cutter ant
In Costa Rica, the sapo frog (Incilius valliceps) holds a special place in both the natural environment and cultural traditions. Also known as the Costa Rican common toad, this amphibian is widely distributed across the country, from lowland rainforests to high-altitude cloud forests. It is characterized by its distinctive coloration, typically ranging from brown to olive-green, with dark markings and a rough, warty skin texture. The sapo frog is primarily nocturnal, emerging at dusk to forage for insects and other small invertebrates. Its loud, resonant calls, resembling a high-pitched trill or whistle, are a familiar sound in Costa Rican nights. Despite its terrestrial habits, the sapo frog is also capable of swimming and can be found near bodies of water where it breeds. In Costa Rican culture, these frogs are sometimes regarded with superstition or as symbols of transformation, owing to their association with nocturnal activities and mysterious calls echoing through the forests. As an integral part of Costa Rica's rich biodiversity, the sapo frog plays a crucial role in controlling insect populations and contributing to the ecosystem's balance.
